![]() ![]() Richard Wortley, University College London, UK. Nick Tilley, University College London, UK. Lucia Summers, Texas State University, USA. Rachel Santos, Florida Atlantic University, USA. ![]() Ken Pease, University College London and University of Loughborough, UK. Aili Malm, California State University, USA. Madensen, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA. Brian Lockwood, Monmouth University, New Jersey, USA. AM Lemieux, Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, The Netherlands. Johannes Knutsson, Norwegian Police University College, Norway. Felson on routine activity theory and Clarke and Cornish on the. Shane D Johnson, University College London, UK. Crime Opportunity Theories: Routine Activity, Rational Choice and their Variants book cover. Felson, Pennsylvania State University, USA. Sharon Chamard, University of Alaska Anchorage, USA. Brantingham, Simon Fraser University, Canada. Kate Bowers, University College London, UK. The contributions of this canon of literature combined, the evidence is quite clear in demonstrating the utility of routine activity theory for understanding and preventing crime.Gisela Bichler, California State University, USA. Theoretical advancements have outlined the role of targets and guardians, the levels of responsibility of crime controllers, the attractiveness of targets, the characteristics of (in)effective guardianship, and the social processes related to the presence or absence of handlers, guardians, and mangers. There are now hundreds of studies that examine the relationship between routine activities and crime, with many of these empirical investigations organised around the crime triangle. Initially established in the area of predatory crime. His greatest impact has been in the area of criminology in general and crime science in particular because of his formulation and later development of routine activities theory. Research has further specified that three crime control actions paired with these elements – handling for offenders, guarding for targets, and managing for places – can reduce crime events. Marcus Felson is one of the most cited authors of the late twentieth and early twentyfirst centuries. The triangle depicts that crime events occur when motivated offenders and attractive targets converge in space and time in the absence of guardianship. From this original conceptualization, routine activity theory has evolved into the “crime triangle”, which provides a way of analysing crime problems. Their analyses suggested that as changes occurred in the routine activities of Americans post-World War II, crime rates increased. ![]() Routine activity theory was initially proposed as a sociological perspective, as Cohen and Felson explored aggregate associations between social trends (such as sociodemographic changes in household activity and urbanization) and the risk of victimization. Routine activity theory is central to these approaches and is focused on crime reduction through the prevention and control of chances to commit crime. The contribution of routine activity theory increased interest in the role of criminal opportunity substantially, with various streams of research coalescing into a school of criminological thought known as “environmental criminology”, sometimes referred to as “crime science”. The scholars proposed that, beyond the necessity of a motivated offender, crimes occur when suitable targets are present and capable guardians are absent. This trend was radically altered from the 1970s onward, in large part due to Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson’s creation of a “routine activity approach” to understanding crime trends. ![]() Conversely, less attention has been paid to the other element of a crime event: opportunity. View more > Historically, criminological theories have aimed to explain criminal propensity, providing explanations for why some individuals are more likely than others to commit an offense. Cohen and Marcus Felson (1979) and later developed by Felson, is one of the most widely cited and influential theoretical constructs in the field of criminology and in crime science more broadly. This trend was radically altered from the 1970s onward, in large part due to Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson’s creation of a “routine activity approach” to understanding crime trends. FERNANDO MIR Routine activity theory, first formulated by Lawrence E. Historically, criminological theories have aimed to explain criminal propensity, providing explanations for why some individuals are more likely than others to commit an offense. ![]()
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